На что похоже озеро байкал на английском
The Baikal
Сочинение на тему «Байкал»
на английском языке с переводом на русский язык
The Baikal
Байкал
There are many large and picturesque lakes, rivers, and waterfalls. Some of them (for example, the Amazon or the Ontario) are famous because of the incredible beauty and particular water world able to impress everyone. One of such places, the Lake Baikal, is situated in Russia; it is a unique ecological system and a national pride of all the Russian people.
Существует много больших и живописных озёр, рек и водопадов. Некоторые из них (например, Амазонка или Онтарио) знамениты благодаря невероятной красоте и особому водному миру, который способен впечатлить любого. Одно из таких мест, озеро Байкал, расположено в России; это уникальная экологическая система и национальная гордость всего российского народа.
The Baikal is a heart of majestic Russian nature: mountains, coastal rocks, and forests of The Republic of Buryatia and Irkutsk Oblast surround the huge mass of clear water. It is not only an amazing place but also the deepest lake on the Earth containing the biggest reserve of fresh water. As an extremely valuable natural object, the Baikal is under the state protection.
Байкал – сердце величественной русской природы: горы, прибрежные скалы и леса Республики Бурятия и Иркутской области окружают огромную массу прозрачной воды. Это не только восхитительное место, но и самое глубокое озеро на Земле, содержащее крупнейший запас пресной воды. Как чрезвычайно ценный природный объект, Байкал находится под государственной охраной.
Flora and fauna of the Baikal are also very rich. Some species of animals live only on the lake or near it. Numerous species of plankton purify the water, which is necessary for fish (sturgeon, pike, burbot, etc.) and birds (seagulls, wild ducks, herons, etc.). Various trees and shrubs grow on the Baikal shores, so its landscapes are unforgettable. Besides, local residents suppose that the lake is charming and mysterious: there are many legends about it and its “daughter”, the River Angara.
Флора и фауна Байкала также очень богаты. Некоторые виды животных обитают только на озере или рядом с ним. Многочисленные виды планктона очищают воду, что необходимо для рыб (осетра, щуки, налима и т.д.) и птиц (чаек, диких уток, цапель и т.д.). Различные деревья и кустарники растут на берегах Байкала, поэтому его пейзажи незабываемы. Кроме того, местные жители считают озеро очаровательным и загадочным: есть много легенд о нём и его «дочери», реке Ангаре.
However, the Baikal is in danger nowadays. Plants built on its shores pollute air and water with harmful emissions. Other serious problems are poaching, especially fishing and seal hunting, and illegal forest cutting. Nevertheless, people love the Baikal and try to save this treasure.
Однако в наши дни Байкал под угрозой. Заводы, построенные на его берегах, загрязняют воздух и воду вредными выбросами. Другие серьёзные проблемы – браконьерство, особенно ловля рыбы и охота на нерпу, и нелегальная вырубка лесов. Тем не менее, люди любят Байкал и пытаются спасти это сокровище.
Lake Baikal
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Lake Baikal, Russian Ozero Baykal, also spelled Ozero Bajkal, lake located in the southern part of eastern Siberia within the republic of Buryatia and Irkutsk oblast (province) of Russia. It is the oldest existing freshwater lake on Earth (20 million–25 million years old), as well as the deepest continental body of water, having a maximum depth of 5,315 feet (1,620 metres). Its area is some 12,200 square miles (31,500 square km), with a length of 395 miles (636 km) and an average width of 30 miles (48 km). It is also the world’s largest freshwater lake by volume, containing about one-fifth of the fresh water on Earth’s surface, some 5,500 cubic miles (23,000 cubic km). Into Lake Baikal flow more than 330 rivers and streams, the largest of which include the Selenga, Barguzin, Upper (Verkhnyaya) Angara, Chikoy, and Uda.
Baikal lies in a deep structural hollow surrounded by mountains, some of which rise more than 6,600 feet (2,000 metres) above the lake’s surface. The sedimentary strata on the floor of the lake may be as much as 20,000 feet (6,100 metres) thick. Breaks in Earth’s crust produce hot mineral springs in the area. There are occasional severe earthquakes; in 1862 a quake inundated about 77 square miles (200 square km) in the northern Selenga delta, creating a new bay in Baikal known as Proval Bay.
The lake hollow is not symmetrical, having steep slopes on the western shores and gentler slopes on the eastern. The meandering shoreline runs for some 1,300 miles (2,100 km), with large indentations at the bays of Barguzin, Chivyrkuysky, and Proval and at Ayaya and Frolikha inlets; the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula juts out into the lake from the eastern shore. Baikal contains some 45 islets and islands, the largest of which are Olkhon (about 270 square miles [700 square km]) and Bolshoy (Great) Ushkany (3.6 square miles [9.4 square km]). The influx of water into the lake is primarily from rivers, chiefly the Selenga. The only outflow is through the Angara River, a tributary of the Yenisey.
Baikal’s climate is much milder than that of the surrounding territory. Winter air temperatures average −6 °F (−21 °C), and August temperatures average 52 °F (11 °C). The lake surface freezes in January and thaws in May or June. The water temperature at the surface in August is between 50 and 54 °F (10 and 12 °C) and reaches 68 °F (20 °C) in the offshore shallows. Waves can be as high as 15 feet (4.6 metres). The water is very clear; from the surface one can see to 130 feet (40 metres). Its salinity is low, and it contains few minerals.
Plant and animal life in the lake is rich and various. There are between 1,500 and 1,800 animal species at different depths, and hundreds of plant species live on or near the surface. The majority of the species are endemic to Baikal. There are some 50 species of fish, belonging to seven families; the most numerous of these are the 25 species of gobies. The omul salmon is heavily fished; also important are the grayling, lake whitefish, and sturgeon. Unique to the lake is a fish called the golomyanka, of the family Comephoridae, which gives birth to live young. The one mammal species is the Baikal seal, or nerpa (Phoca sibirica). There are more than 320 bird species in the Baikal area.
Industries along the shores of Baikal include mining (mica and marble), the manufacture of cellulose and paper, shipbuilding, fisheries, and timber. There are many mineral springs, and visitors come to Goryachinsk for the curative properties of the waters. A pulp and paper mill built on Lake Baikal’s southern shore in 1966 drew strong environmental protests from Soviet scientists and writers because its wastes were polluting the water, and in 1971 the Soviet government adopted a decree to protect the lake from polluting emissions. Further pollution controls were resisted, however, and industrial waste at the site remained a concern in the late 1990s.
The Limnological Institute of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences is located in the town of Listvyanka, as is the Baikal Sanatorium, and the hydrobiological station of Irkutsk State University is in Bolshiye Koty (Bolshoy Koti). The protection of natural resources in the area began with the establishment of the Barguzinsky Nature Reserve in 1916; subsequently there were added the Baikalsky (1969) and Baikalo-Lenskiy (1986) nature reserves, the Frolikhinskiy (1976) and Kabansky (1974) wildlife reserves, and the Zabaikalsky and Pribaikalsky national parks (both 1986). The Lake Baikal Coastal Protection Zone, covering the lake and its environs (a total of 34,000 square miles [88,000 square km]), was created in 1987, and the same area was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1996.
Презентация была опубликована 3 года назад пользователемМария Косточкина
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Презентация на тему: » Lake Baikal (Озеро Байкал на английском языке)» — Транскрипт:
2 LAKE BAIKAL Lake Baikal – the largest lake in the world, is the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth. Baikal is a beautiful lake. He has no equal in the world by age, depth, stocks and properties of fresh water, diversity of organic life.
3 AGE Baikal is one of the oldest lakes in the world, scientists think his age is twenty-five million years. Most of the lakes are living ten to fifteen thousand years, and then disappear, and the Baikal has no signs of aging. Studies show that Baikal is a nascent ocean.
4 THE BAIKAL DEPRESSION The Baikal depression slightly wider than the modern lake, but its much deeper. The depth of the depression is determined by the height of the mountains above it, the depth of the lake and the sediment layer thickness. The deepest point native basin of lake Baikal is about five to six thousand meters below the ocean level.
5 THE AREA OF THE LAKE By area, Baikal is vsemoe place in the world among lakes and is approximately equal to the area of Belgium.
6 TНЕ VOLUME Baikal is the largest reservoir of fresh water on the planet. In the basin of lake Baikal holds about twenty percent of the world reserves of fresh lake waters of the planet (excluding glaciers, snowfields and ice, where water is in solid condition).
7 TНЕ WATER Baikal is the purest on Earth the storage of fresh drinking water. Rare purity and properties of Baikal water are caused by vital functions of fauna and flora of the lake. For the year, an Armada of shrimp is able three times to clear the top fifty- meter layer of water. In Baikal water is very little dissolved and suspended mineral substances, very little organic impurities, a lot of oxygen. The world has not remained open reservoirs with fresh water, suitable for drinking water bottling. The only exception is lake Baikal. Since 1992 started commercial spill Baikal water in plastic bottles. Water taken from a depth of ceyreste meters, which maintained the constant temperature two to four degrees, and where it is protected by a water column from surface contamination.
8 ORGANIC WORLD In the fauna of lake Baikal is represented by almost all types of animals living in fresh water. There is no other lake, biological variety of which would be so great and unique. Of the known species and varieties of animals and plants found to date in the lake, almost 2/3 are endemic and nowhere in the world is no longer there. Therefore, lake Baikal can be considered one of the geographical centres of origin of species.
9 STORMS Storm winds on lake Baikal are common in late summer and autumn. The maximum wind speed on the lake is celebrated in April, may and November, minimum – in February and July. Eighty percent of the summer storms observed in the second half of August and in September, at the height of the waves in the middle basin of lake Baikal reaches 4-4,5 meters with a slope of twenty- two degrees.
10 BAIKALYE WINDS The variety of the Baikal winds is reflected in their local names (more than thirty). Centuries of observation of local residents has allowed to identify a number of patterns for each wind. Verhovik (Hangar) – the so-called North wind, blowing along the lake Baikal from North to South. Verhovik – dry wind, and in clear, Sunny weather it blows quietly, without any sudden gusts. Often, this wind is held continuously for more than 10 days. The first long verkhovichi observed in the lake since mid- August. At the end of November – beginning of December verhovik rocks Baykal heavy steep waves up to 4-6 meters. Barguzin – mighty wind, sung in the song «Glorious sea – sacred Baikal», blowing from the Barguzin valley across and along the lake. The wind blows smoothly, with a gradually increasing power, but its duration is noticeably inferior to verhovik. This wind brings with it Sunny stable weather.Kultuk – wind blowing from the southern tip of lake Baikal along the lake. Kultuk brings violent storms and bad rainy weather. This wind would not be so long as verhovik. Mountain – the North-Western side of the Baikal wind, suddenly breaking from the mountains. It is the most treacherous and gusty winds. It starts suddenly and rapidly gaining strength.Sarma – a kind of mountain, the strongest and most terrible of the winds on lake Baikal. The wind comes out of the valley of the river Sarma flowing into the Small sea. Summer breeze may suddenly start and suddenly end in autumn Sarma sometimes blows the whole day. A harbinger of Sarma are clouds over the Triceps char Baikal ridge.
11 CLIMATE The lake has a moderating effect on the climate. Huge water mass of the lake in the summer warmed to a depth of meters and an accumulator to accumulate a large amount of heat. Therefore, winter on lake Baikal milder and summers are cooler than in the rest of Siberia. The air temperature difference between Irkutsk and the shores of lake Baikal in the daytime can reach 8-10°C.
Тема «озеро Байкал»
Lake Baikal is known as authentic natural wonder. Its age is approximately 25-30 million years, that’s why this lake is supposed to be the oldest lake in the world. This is a rift lake in Russia, located in southern Siberia, between Irkutsk Oblast and the Buryatia.
According to the scientists’ researches, there are more than 1500 life forms in and around this lake. Most of them can’t be found anywhere else on Earth. Besides, it’s the globe’s largest storage of potable water and contains 1/6 of drinking-water which could be found on the planet. In spite of new technologies, industry development and permanent pollution problems it stays pure and unsoiled because of special protection. Its size impresses and its beauty charms.
The lake lies in a cleft and this is a place where Asia is literally splitting apart, the beginnings of a future ocean. Nowadays researches in Baikal help to understand what the seaboards of North America, Africa and Europe continents looked like as they started to separate millions of years ago. Baikal Lake is a part of UNESCO Heritage and a popular point of interest in Russia and Asia.
Озеро Байкал известео как аутентичное чудо природы. Его возраст составляет примерно 25-30 миллионов лет, поэтому это должно быть самое старое озеро в мире. Это рифтовое озеро в России, которое расположено на юге Сибири, между Иркутской областью и Бурятией.
По данным научных исследование, в озере и вокруг него насчитывается более 1500 форм жизни. Большинство из них не водится больше нигде на Земле. К тому же, это самый большой резервуар питьевой воды на земле и содержит в себе 1/6 питьевой воды, которую можно было бы найти на планете. Несмотря на новые технологии, развитие промышленности и постоянные проблемы загрязнения, озеро остается чистым и незагрязненным благодаря особой охране. Его размер впечатляет, а красота – завораживает.
Озеро находится в расщелине, и это именно то место, где Азия буквально делится на части, начало будущего океана. В настоящее время исследования Байкала дают нам понять, что из себя представляли побережья Северной Америки, Африки и Европы и в как они начинали отделяться друг от друга миллионы лет назад. Озеро Байкал является частью наследия ЮНЕСКО и популярной достопримечательностью в России и Азии.
Топик по английскому «Байкал» (Baikal)
In the midst of a thinly populated wildness there is the foremost natural wonder — Lake Baikal. It is the oldest lake in the world — its age is about 25-30 million years. Scientists estimated that more than 1500 life forms live in and around this lake. They can be found nowhere else on Earth. It occupies the territory of 12000 m2 and 400 km long. About 30 uninhabited isles are scattered throughout the lake. It’s the largest reservoir of drinking water. It contains 1/6 of fresh water found on the planet and in spite of the vast pollution by the nearby industry the most of it still remains clean and clear.
Most of the coastline lies in an environmentally protected area. The most numerous of the indigenous people are Buryats. They have been living here for many centuries. A feeling of tranquility settles over the coastal villages during long summer afternoons. A vehicle driving along the village’s streets is a rare sight. A motorcycle with a sidecar is the most popular civil transport; and a passenger car still remains an object of curiosity for children.
The area’s largest city is Ulan-Ude which was first established by the Russians as an outpost for tsar’s tax collectors during Russia’s Eastward expansion in the XVI and XVII centuries. It lies in the border area between the Siberian forests and the grassy steppes. It’s an average Siberian town without much distinction, except for a strange fancy relict in the main square. The world’s biggest head of Vladimir Lenin has more than 25 feet tall and it is ironically said by rumor that it was inspired by the head of Buddha that was located in Ulan-Ude before the Soviet takeover. And now although most of Soviet monuments have been dismantled this one is going to stay because the locals became quite fond of it.
Байкал
Среди малонаселенной местности находится природное чудо — озеро Байкал. Это самое древнее озеро в мире — его возраст составляет около 25-30 миллионов лет. По оценкам ученых более 1500 форм жизни живут возле и в этом озере. Кроме Байкала их найти нельзя нигде на Земле. Озеро занимает территорию 12 000 м2 и 400 км в длину. Около 30 необитаемых островов разбросаны по всему озеру. Это крупнейший резервуар питьевой воды. Он содержит 1/6 пресной воды находится на планете, и несмотря на подавляющее загрязнения близлежащей промышленности большинство воды до сих пор остается чистой и прозрачной.
Большая часть береговой линии находится в экологически охраняемой территории. Наиболее многочисленным из коренных народов являются буряты. Они жили здесь на протяжении многих веков. Чувством спокойствия веет от прибрежных деревень во время долгих летних дней. Транспортное средство, проезжающее по улицам деревни — редкое зрелище. Мотоцикл с коляской является самым популярным видом гражданского транспорта; а автомобиль до сих пор остается предметом любопытства для детей.
Самым большим городом в области является Улан-Удэ, который был основан русскими в качестве форпоста для царских сборщиков налогов во время российской экспансии на восток в XVI и XVII веках. Он расположен в районе границы между сибирскими лесами и травянистыми степями. Это средний сибирский город без особых отличий, исключением является странный реликт на главной площади. Это самая большая голова В.И.Ленина, которая более чем 25 футов в высоту. По слухам, она была вдохновлена головой Будды, которая была расположена в Улан-Удэ до установления советской власти. И теперь, хотя большинство из советских памятников были демонтированы, её никто не собирается сносить, потому что местные жители очень полюбили её.
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